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Examining Refusal to Deal in Indian Digital Ecosystems
The dynamism of digital ecosystems is transcending boundaries. To protect consumer and third-party interests against a refusal to deal abuse, dual penalty system under the Indian antitrust regime exists. However, to safeguard the legitimate business interests of dominant entities, the author advocates for the incorporation of defenses based on principles of necessity and proportionality similar to the DMA.
Mustafa Topiwala
Aug 246 min read
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