The shift to an effects-based approach under Section 4, solidified by Schott Glass and Google 2023 & 2025, aligns India with the EU's standards, ensuring only actual conduct with proven or likely competitive harm is penalized.

The article examines the potential of conduct remedies in addressing Google’s antitrust concerns.

While Google might currently appear insulated from regulatory action, the landscape for big-tech companies could shift significantly.

As India starts to ramp up strategies in the tech v/s media battlefield, it must create an approach that facilitates quality journalism.

The author seeks to analyze if India needs to enact legislation to control digital gatekeeping practices.