The dynamism of digital ecosystems is transcending boundaries. To protect consumer  and third-party interests against a refusal to deal abuse, dual penalty system under the Indian antitrust regime exists. However, to safeguard the legitimate business interests of dominant entities, the author advocates for the incorporation of defenses based on principles of necessity and proportionality similar to the DMA.

[ Himanshi is a student at Dharmashastra National Law University. ] The Committee on Digital Competition Law released the   draft Digital...

The approach towards data portability must be carefully evaluated in the Indian context.