India needs to go beyond symbolism and emulate other successful examples, such as France, by developing clear standards, strong adjudicatory bodies, and making the right realizable to all workers.

The long-term success of the Bill depends on its implementation, which must overcome the structural barriers such as the power imbalance in India’s labour market where junior staff, contract workers, and those in vulnerable positions think twice before they invoke their rights fearing it will damage their relationship with managers. Therefore, a meaningful way forward requires institutional designs that reduce the personal cost of asserting rights.